Nr 3 2026 — Immunförsvaret

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1. Darshan Shah. ”Jeffrey Bland: The Science of Immune Rejuvenation and Aging in Reverse.” Extend Podcast, 2025-10-16. https://www.drshah.com/extend-podcasts/jeff-bland
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1. Zeng L, Yang Q, Luo Y, Luo Y, Sun L. The gut microbiota: emerging evidence in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Research (Wash D C). 2026;9:1097.
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4. Kesika P, Sivamaruthi BS, Thangaleela S, Chaiyasut C. The antiviral potential of probiotics—a review on scientific outcomes. Appl Sci (Basel). 2021;11(18):8687.
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Dueñas M, Muñoz-González I, Cueva C, Jiménez-Girón A, Sánchez-Patán F, Santos-Buelga C, et al. A survey of modulation of gut microbiota by dietary polyphenols. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:850902.

1. Lasselin J. Back to the future of psychoneuroimmunology: Studying inflammation-induced sickness behavior. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity – Health. 2021;18:100379.
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3. Lasselin J, Treadway MT, Lacourt TE, et al. Lipopolysaccharide Alters Motivated Behavior in a Monetary Reward Task: a Randomized Trial. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017;42(4):801–810.
4. Draper A, Koch RM, van der Meer JWM, et al. Effort but not Reward Sensitivity is Altered by Acute Sickness Induced by Experimental Endotoxemia in Humans. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018;43(5):1107–1118.
5. Skarp R, Hansson LS, Sundelin T, et al. The motivational drives of sickness: Acute changes in self-rated motivation during experimental endotoxemia assessed with the newly developed Motivation Scale of Sickness (MOSSick). Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2025;24:100327.
6. Inagaki TK, Muscatell KA, Irwin MR, et al. The role of the ventral striatum in inflammatory-induced approach toward support figures. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2015;44:247–252.
7. Raijmakers RPH, Berven LL, Keijmel SP, et al. Immunological associations in post-infective fatigue syndromes including Long COVID—a systematic review and meta-analysis. eBioMedicine. 2025;121:105970.
8. Panigrahy D, Gilligan MM, Serhan CN, Kashfi K. Resolution of inflammation: An organizing principle in biology and medicine. Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2021;227:107879.
9. Goldsmith DR, Bekhbat M, Mehta ND, Felger JC. Inflammation-Related Functional and Structural Dysconnectivity as a Pathway to Psychopathology. Biological Psychiatry. 2023;93(5):405–418.
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1. Gay L, Melenotte C, Lakbar I, Mezouar S, Devaux C, Raoult D, et al. Sexual dimorphism and gender in infectious diseases. Front Immunol. 2021;12:698121.
2. Su Y, Yuan D, Chen DG, Ng RH, Wang K, Choi J, et al. Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae. Cell. 2022;185(5):881-895.e20.
3. Desai MK, Brinton RD. Autoimmune disease in women: endocrine transition and risk across the lifespan. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:265.
4. Wilkinson NM, Chen HC, Lechner MG, Su MA. Sex differences in immunity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2022;40:75-94.
5. Poenaru S, Abdallah SJ, Corrales-Medina V, Cowan J. COVID-19 and post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a narrative review. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2021;8:20499361211009385.
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7. Suliman BA. Potential clinical implications of molecular mimicry-induced autoimmunity. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2024;12(2):e1178.
8. Wilkinson NM, Chen HC, Lechner MG, Su MA. Sex differences in immunity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2022;40:75-94.
9. Brundin PMA, Landgren BM, Fjällström P, Shamekh MM, Gustafsson JÅ, Johansson AF, et al. Expression of sex hormone receptor and immune response genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the menstrual cycle. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:721813.
10. Lakshmikanth T, Consiglio C, Sardh F, et al. Immune system adaptation during gender-affirming testosterone treatment. Nature. 2024;633:155-164.
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12. Ciancanelli MJ, Huang SX, Luthra P, et al. Life-threatening influenza and impaired interferon amplification in human IRF7 deficiency. Science. 2015;348(6233):448-453.
13. De Maeyer RPH, Sikora J, Bracken OV, Shih B, Lloyd AF, Peckham H, et al. Age-associated inflammatory monocytes are increased in menopausal females and reversed by hormone replacement therapy. Aging Cell. 2025;24(11):e70249.
14. Nowak TJ, Muehlenbein MP. Toward understanding sexual immune dimorphism in humans. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1570565.
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16. Barbuti E, Piervincenzi C, Ruggieri S, Petracca M. Sex-related differences in lifestyle factors affecting multiple sclerosis susceptibility and disease progression. Brain Sci. 2025;15(10):1097.
17. Mauvais-Jarvis F, Bairey Merz N, Barnes PJ, Brinton RD, Carrero JJ, DeMeo DL, et al. Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine. Lancet. 2020;396(10250):565-582.

1. Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium. Overview of vitamin D. I: Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, Del Valle HB (red.). Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011. s. 75–124.
2. Giannini S, Giusti A, Minisola S, Napoli N, Passeri G, Rossini M, et al. The immunologic profile of vitamin D and its role in different immune-mediated diseases: an expert opinion. 2022;14(3):473.
3. Ross AC. Vitamin A and retinoic acid in T cell-related immunity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96(5):1166S-1172S.
4. Chalcraft JR, Cardinal LM, Wechsler PJ, Hollis BW, Gerow KG, Alexander BM, et al. Vitamin D synthesis following a single bout of sun exposure in older and younger men and women. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2237.
5. Granlund L, Ramnemark A, Andersson C, Lindkvist M, Fhärm E, Norberg M. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with nutrition, travelling and clothing habits in an immigrant population in Northern Sweden. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016;70(3):373-379.
6. Öhlund I, Silfverdal SA, Hernell O, Lind T. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in preschool-age children in Northern Sweden are inadequate after summer and diminish further during winter. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;56(5):551-555.
7. Lips P. Vitamin D status and nutrition in Europe and Asia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007;103(3-5):620-625.
8. Rock CL, Emond JA, Flatt SW, Heath DD, Karanja N, Pakiz B, et al. Weight loss is associated with increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in overweight or obese women. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012;20(11):2296-2301.
9. Abbas MA. Physiological functions of vitamin D in adipose tissue. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2017;165(Pt B):369-381.
10. Stevens GA, Bennett JE, Hennocq Q, Lu Y, De-Regil LM, Rogers L, et al. Trends and mortality effects of vitamin A deficiency in children in 138 low-income and middle-income countries between 1991 and 2013: a pooled analysis of population-based surveys. Lancet Glob Health. 2015;3(9):e528-e536.
11. Madan AK, Orth WS, Tichansky DS, Ternovits CA. Vitamin and trace mineral levels after laparoscopic gastric bypass. Obes Surg. 2006;16(5):603-606.
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13. Janczewska I, Bartnik W, Butruk E, Tomecki R, Kazik E, Ostrowski J. Metabolism of vitamin A in inflammatory bowel disease. Hepatogastroenterology. 1991;38(5):391-395.
14. Soares-Mota M, Silva TA, Gomes LM, Pinto MAS, Mendonça LMC, Farias MLF, et al. High prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in Crohn’s disease patients according to serum retinol levels and the relative dose-response test. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(5):1614-1620.
15. Martineau AR, Jolliffe DA, Hooper RL, Greenberg L, Aloia JF, Bergman P, et al. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMJ. 2017;356:i6583.
16. Hahn J, Cook NR, Alexander EK, Friedman S, Walter J, Bubes V, et al. Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial. BMJ. 2022;376:e066452.
17. Amrein K, Scherkl M, Hoffmann M, Neuwersch-Sommeregger S, Köstenberger M, Tmava Berisha A, et al. Vitamin D deficiency 2.0: an update on the current status worldwide. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020;74(11):1498-1513.
18. Boucher BJ. Why do so many trials of vitamin D supplementation fail? Endocr Connect. 2020;9(9):R195-R206.
19. Grant WB, Boucher BJ, Bhattoa HP, Lahore H. Why vitamin D clinical trials should be based on 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2018;177:266-269.
20. Lappe JM, Heaney RP. Why randomized controlled trials of calcium and vitamin D sometimes fail. 2012;4(2):95-100.
21. Kühn J, Brandsch C, Bailer AC, Kiourtzidis M, Hirche F, Chen CY, et al. UV light exposure versus vitamin D supplementation: a comparison of health benefits and vitamin D metabolism in a pig model. J Nutr Biochem. 2024;134:109746.
22. Ponda MP, Liang Y, Kim J, Hutt R, Dowd K, Gilleaudeau P, et al. A randomized clinical trial in vitamin D-deficient adults comparing replenishment with oral vitamin D3 with narrow-band UV type B light: effects on cholesterol and the transcriptional profiles of skin and blood. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;105(5):1230-1238.

1. Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. Pomegranate finally reveals its powerful anti-aging secret. Pressmeddelande 2016-07-11. https://actu.epfl.ch/news/pomegranate-finally-reveals-its-powerful-anti-agin/
2. Ryu D, Mouchiroud L, Andreux PA, Katsyuba E, Moullan N, Nicolet-Dit-Félix AA, Williams EG, Jha P, Lo Sasso G, Huzard D, Aebischer P, Sandi C, Rinsch C, Auwerx J. Urolithin A induces mitophagy and prolongs lifespan in C. elegans and increases muscle function in rodents. Nat Med. 2016 Aug;22(8):879-88.
3. Singh A, D’Amico D, Andreux PA, Fouassier AM, Blanco-Bose W, Evans M, Aebischer P, Auwerx J, Rinsch C. Urolithin A improves muscle strength, exercise performance, and biomarkers of mitochondrial health in a randomized trial in middle-aged adults. Cell Rep Med. 2022 May 17;3(5):100633.
4. Liu S, D’Amico D, Shankland E, Bhayana S, Garcia JM, Aebischer P, Rinsch C, Singh A, Marcinek DJ. Effect of Urolithin A Supplementation on Muscle Endurance and Mitochondrial Health in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jan 4;5(1):e2144279.
5. UW Medicine. Supplement appears to boost muscle, mitochondria health. Pressmeddelande 2016-07-11. https://newsroom.uw.edu/news-releases/supplement-appears-boost-muscle-mitochondria-health/
6. Denk D, Singh A, Kasler HG, D’Amico D, Rey J, Alcober-Boquet L, Gorol JM, Steup C, Tiwari R, Kwok R, Argüello RJ, Faitg J, Sprinzl K, Zeuzem S, Nekljudova V, Loibl S, Verdin E, Rinsch C, Greten FR. Effect of the mitophagy inducer urolithin A on age-related immune decline: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Nat Aging. 2025 Nov;5(11):2309-2322.
7. Georg Speyer Haus Institute For Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy. Pomegranate-Derived Compound Reverses Key Signs of Immune Aging. Pressmeddelande 2025-10-30. https://georg-speyer-haus.de/en/newsroom/news/detail/klinische-translation-aus-granatapfel-stammende-verbindung-kehrt-wichtige-anzeichen-der-immunalterung-um

Singh A, D’Amico D, Andreux PA, Dunngalvin G, Kern T, Blanco-Bose W, Auwerx J, Aebischer P, Rinsch C. Direct supplementation with Urolithin A overcomes limitations of dietary exposure and gut microbiome variability in healthy adults to achieve consistent levels across the population. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2022 Feb;76(2):297-308.

Källor:

1. Huberman A. Developing a Rational Approach to Supplementation for Health & Performance. Huberman Lab podcast, 2023-01-09. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tLS6t3FVOTI
2. Huberman Lab.com Supplementation. https://www.hubermanlab.com/topics/supplementation
3. Fast Life Hacks. Andrew Huberman Supplements List (with Dosages) 2026. https://fastlifehacks.com/andrew-huberman-supplements-list/
4. Fast Life Hacks. Andrew Huberman Sleep Cocktail for 2026. https://fastlifehacks.com/andrew-huberman-sleep-supplements/
5. NAD+ Aging Science. Andrew Huberman’s Updated Supplement Stack for 2026. https://www.nad.com/news/andrew-hubermans-updated-supplement-stack-for-2026
6. Ducharmie J. How Podcaster Andrew Huberman Got America to Care About Science. Time. 2023-06-28. https://time.com/6290594/andrew-hubman-lab-podcast-interview/

Referenser:

Referenser

1. Cui A, Zhang T, Xiao P, Fan Z, Wang H, Zhuang Y. Global and regional prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in population-based studies from 2000 to 2022: A pooled analysis of 7.9 million participants. Front Nutr. 2023 Mar 17;10:1070808.
2. Passarelli S, Free CM, Shepon A, Beal T, Batis C, Golden CD. Global estimation of dietary micronutrient inadequacies: a modelling analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2024 Oct;12(10):e1590-e1599.
3. Reider CA, Chung RY, Devarshi PP, Grant RW, Hazels Mitmesser S. Inadequacy of Immune Health Nutrients: Intakes in US Adults, the 2005-2016 NHANES. Nutrients. 2020 Jun 10;12(6):1735.
4. Oliveira Lopes R, de França RF, de Oliveira Araújo ME, Farias LS, de Souza Mendonça AK, Ribeiro KDDS. Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Micronutrient Status Throughout the Life Course: A Systematic Review. Nutr Rev. 2026 Jul 30:nuag024.
5. Christie S, Crooks D, Thomson-Selibowitz R, Green-Woolard A, Mantantzis K. Micronutrient inadequacy in Europe: the overlooked role of food supplements in health resilience. Front Nutr. 2025 Sep 24;12:1686365.

1. https://news.keckmedicine.org/eating-fruits-vegetables-and-whole-grains-may-increase-chance-of-early-onset-lung-cancer/
2. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20260507/Ultra-processed-foods-linked-to-higher-cardiovascular-disease-and-death.aspx4. https://journals.bcit.ca/index.php/ehj/article/view/130/115
3. https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/items/86b5f972-2b70-4d4c-be9d-cfd1d92eaf83
4. https://www.pan-europe.info/sites/pan-europe.info/files/public/resources/reports/Pesticide%20cocktails%2C%20PFAS%20and%20neurotoxins%20in%20most%20European%20apples_29012026_Report%201.pdf